Chemistry in Everyday life Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 16 1. Chemicals play a very important role in improving the quality of human life. Many substances which are used in our daily life situations are chemical compounds. 2. Drugs are chemicals of low molecular masses (-100- 500 u). These interacts with macromolecular targets and produce…
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Polymers Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 15 1. A polymer is a large molecule of high molecular mass formed by the repetitive bonding of many small molecules called monomers. The process by which the monomers are transformed into polymers is called polymerisation. As polymers are single big size molecules, they are also called macromolecules. 2.…
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Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 14 1. Carbohydrates is a class of compounds that include polyhydric aldehydes and ketones and large number of other polymeric molecules that yield these on hydrolysis, e.g., sugars, glycogen, cellulose, starch, etc. 2. Depending upon their behaviour on hydrolysis, carbohydrates are further divided into three types: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose,…
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Amines Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 13 1. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl groups. 2. Amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according as one, two or three hydrogen atoms in the ammonia molecule have been substituted by alkyl groups. 3.…
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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 12 1. The classes of organic compounds containing carbonyl group (CO) as the functional group are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivates. These are collectively called carbonyl compounds. 2. Nature of carbonyl group: Oxygen atom in carbonyl group is far more electronegative than carbon…
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Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 11 1. Alcohols and phenols may be classified as monohydric, dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric according to number of hydroxyl groups they contain one, two, three or many respectively in their molecules. 2. Primary (1°), secondary (2°) and tertiary (3°) alcohols are those in which as the…
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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 10 1. Haloalkanes are classified as fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo compounds according to the type of halogen present and as mono-, di- tri-, tetra- haloalkanes, etc., according to the one, two, three, four, etc., halogen atoms respectively present in their molecule. 2. Alkyl halides are further…
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Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 9 1. Coordination compounds contain a central atom (or cation) which is coordinated to a suitable number of anions or neutral molecules and usually retain their identity in solution as well as in solid state. These may be a positively charged, negatively charged or a neutral species, [Co(NH3)6]3+,…
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The d and f Block Elements Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 8 1. The elements lying in the middle of Periodic Table between s-block and p-block elements (i.e between group 2 and 13) are known as d-block or transition elements. 2. There are three transition series each of 10 elements: (i) First transition series: It…
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The p-Block Elements Class 12 Notes Chemistry Chapter 7 I Group 15 Elements: The Nitrogen Family 1. In group 15 of the Periodic Table, the elements, nitrogen (7N), phosphorus (15P), arsenic (33As), antimony (51Sb) and bismuth (83Bi) are present. 2. (a) The elements of this group can exhibit various oxidation states ranging between -3 to+…
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